挖掘机作为建筑行业的重要设备，其型号和命名方式往往蕴含着丰富的信息。对于从事工程机械的专业人士和设备采购者来说，了解挖掘机的命名规则不仅有助于快速识别设备的功能和规格，还能帮助做出更明智的采购决策。本文将深入探讨挖掘机的命名方式，解析各大品牌的命名规则，帮助您更好地理解这些设备的特性和应用场景。

As essential equipment in the construction industry, excavators often have model names and numbers that carry significant information. For professionals in the construction machinery field and equipment buyers, understanding the naming conventions of excavators can help quickly identify the machine’s functions and specifications, leading to more informed purchasing decisions. This article delves into the naming conventions of excavators, breaking down the naming rules of major brands to help you better understand the characteristics and application scenarios of these machines.

1. 挖掘机命名的基本原则

Basic Principles of Excavator Naming

挖掘机的命名通常包含了设备的基本信息，如型号、功能、性能参数和生产厂家。不同品牌的挖掘机可能采用不同的命名规则，但大多数情况下，命名结构都具有一定的逻辑性，帮助用户快速了解设备的基本属性。

The naming of excavators usually includes basic information about the machine, such as model, function, performance parameters, and manufacturer. Different brands may adopt different naming rules, but in most cases, the naming structure is logical, helping users quickly understand the basic attributes of the equipment.

• 型号：通常代表设备的大小或吨位，如20吨、30吨级别的设备可能用“200”、“300”表示。

• 功能代码：有些品牌在型号中加入字母代码，以表示特定的功能或配置，如“L”代表长臂，“LC”代表履带式。

• 生产厂家：挖掘机的品牌名称或首字母通常会出现在命名中，以标识生产厂家。

• Model Number: Usually represents the size or tonnage of the machine, such as “200” or “300” for 20-ton or 30-ton machines.

• Function Code: Some brands include letter codes in the model name to indicate specific functions or configurations, such as “L” for long arm or “LC” for crawler type.

• Manufacturer: The brand name or initials often appear in the name to identify the manufacturer.

2. 各大品牌的命名规则解析

Analysis of Naming Conventions of Major Brands

小松（Komatsu）

小松挖掘机的命名通常采用数字与字母结合的方式，数字部分表示设备的吨位或型号，字母部分则表示特殊功能或配置。例如：

Komatsu excavators typically use a combination of numbers and letters in their naming, with the numeric part representing the machine’s tonnage or model and the letters indicating special functions or configurations. For example:

• PC200-8：其中“PC”代表履带式挖掘机（C代表Crawler），“200”表示20吨级别，“-8”代表该型号的第八代。

• PW160-11：这里“PW”表示轮式挖掘机（W代表Wheel），“160”表示16吨级别，“-11”表示该型号的第十一代。

• PC200-8: “PC” stands for Crawler Excavator, “200” indicates a 20-ton class, and “-8” represents the eighth generation of that model.

• PW160-11: “PW” indicates a Wheel Excavator, “160” represents a 16-ton class, and “-11” denotes the eleventh generation.

卡特彼勒（Caterpillar）

卡特彼勒的挖掘机命名方式也采用数字与字母的组合。通常，数字表示设备的规格，而字母则表示特定的配置或版本。例如：

Caterpillar excavators also use a combination of numbers and letters in their naming. Typically, the numbers represent the machine’s size or specifications, while the letters indicate specific configurations or versions. For example:

• CAT 320D：其中“320”表示20吨级别，“D”表示该型号的第四代。

• CAT 349F：这里“349”表示49吨级别，“F”表示第六代机型。

• CAT 320D: “320” indicates a 20-ton class, and “D” represents the fourth generation of that model.

• CAT 349F: “349” indicates a 49-ton class, and “F” denotes the sixth generation.

日立（Hitachi）

日立挖掘机的命名也非常有规律，通常由型号、系列号和功能代码组成。例如：

Hitachi excavators also follow a regular naming convention, typically consisting of a model number, series number, and function code. For example:

• ZX200LC-5G：其中“ZX”代表日立挖掘机系列，“200”表示20吨级别，“LC”表示长履带（Long Crawler），“-5G”表示第五代机型。

• ZX350H-3：这里“350”表示35吨级别，“H”表示重型（Heavy Duty），“-3”表示第三代机型。

• ZX200LC-5G: “ZX” represents the Hitachi excavator series, “200” indicates a 20-ton class, “LC” stands for Long Crawler, and “-5G” represents the fifth generation.

• ZX350H-3: “350” indicates a 35-ton class, “H” stands for Heavy Duty, and “-3” represents the third generation.

3. 如何解读挖掘机命名中的功能和配置

How to Interpret Functions and Configurations in Excavator Naming

挖掘机的命名不仅涉及基本型号，还包括许多代表功能和配置的字母代码。了解这些代码的含义有助于准确判断设备的功能和适用场景。例如：

Excavator naming involves not only the basic model but also many letter codes representing functions and configurations. Understanding these codes helps accurately judge the machine’s functions and suitable scenarios. For example:

• “L”或“LC”：通常表示长臂或长履带，适用于需要更大作业范围的项目。

• “W”：表示轮式挖掘机，适用于需要频繁移动的场地。

• “H”：表示重型配置，适合更恶劣的作业环境和更高的负荷。

• “EX”：在某些品牌中表示环保型或节能型挖掘机，适用于对环保有要求的项目。

• “L” or “LC”: Usually indicates a long arm or long crawler, suitable for projects requiring a larger working range.

• “W”: Stands for Wheel Excavator, suitable for sites requiring frequent movement.

• “H”: Indicates heavy-duty configuration, suitable for harsher working environments and higher loads.

• “EX”: In some brands, indicates an environmentally friendly or energy-saving excavator, suitable for projects with environmental requirements.

4. 选择合适的挖掘机型号的建议

Tips for Choosing the Right Excavator Model

在采购挖掘机时，了解命名规则可以帮助您快速识别设备的核心功能和适用场景。然而，选择合适的型号还需要考虑项目的具体需求、预算和操作环境。以下是一些建议：

When purchasing an excavator, understanding the naming conventions can help you quickly identify the machine’s core functions and suitable scenarios. However, choosing the right model also requires considering the specific needs of your project, budget, and operating environment. Here are some tips:

• 明确需求：首先确定项目的具体需求，包括挖掘深度、负荷量、作业环境等。

• 匹配功能：选择具备必要功能和配置的型号，如长臂、重型或环保型挖掘机。

• 考虑品牌：不同品牌的挖掘机在性能和维护方面可能有所不同，选择时应综合考虑。

• 预算控制：在保证功能和性能满足项目需求的前提下，选择性价比最高的型号。

• Define Your Needs: First, determine the specific requirements of your project, including digging depth, load capacity, and working environment.

• Match Functions: Choose models with the necessary functions and configurations, such as long arm, heavy-duty, or eco-friendly excavators.

• Consider the Brand: Different brands may vary in performance and maintenance; consider these factors when making your choice.

• Budget Control: Choose the most cost-effective model that meets your project’s needs while ensuring the required functions and performance.

结语：了解挖掘机命名的重要性

Conclusion: The Importance of Understanding Excavator Naming

挖掘机的命名方式不仅仅是简单的数字和字母组合，而是蕴含了丰富的信息。通过深入了解这些命名规则，您可以更好地理解设备的功能、性能和适用场景，从而做出更明智的采购决策。无论您是设备采购者还是工程管理者，掌握挖掘机命名的知识都将帮助您在市场中占据更大的优势。

The naming conventions of excavators are more than just a combination of numbers and letters; they contain valuable information. By deeply understanding these naming rules, you can better grasp the machine’s functions, performance, and suitable scenarios, leading to more informed purchasing decisions. Whether you are an equipment buyer or a project manager, mastering the knowledge of excavator naming will give you a greater advantage in the market.